Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition characterized by the narrowing of blood vessels and occlusion of arteries. This impairs blood circulation, which can hinder the normal functioning of vital organs.
Atherosclerosis can affect arteries throughout the body, causing various complications depending on which artery is affected. It can lead to conditions such as:
- Stroke;
- Heart attack;
- Peripheral artery disease;
- Gangrene.
Causes
The disease's exact causes are unknown, but it is believed to develop when inflammatory affection to the blood vessel walls begins.
Risk factors that lead to the development of the disease include:
- High blood pressure;
- Cholesterol;
- Smoking;
- Diabetes mellitus;
- Obesity and sedentary lifestyle;
- Unhealthy diet;
- Chronic inflammation;
- Genetics.
Symptoms
Symptoms of atherosclerosis vary depending on which artery is affected. In some cases, the disease may be asymptomatic. Common symptoms include:
- Stenocardia / cardiac angina - pain or discomfort in the chest;
- Shortness of Breath/ Difficulty breathing;
- Pain, weakness, or numbness in the legs;
- Headache and dizziness;
- Coordination and motor function impairment;
- Memory impairment;
- Temporary vision impairments;
- Erectile dysfunction at a young age.
Diagnosing
Diagnosing atherosclerosis typically includes:
- Assessment of medical history;
- Physical examinations;
- Laboratory tests (blood tests);
- Radiological examination (X-ray, Doppler ultrasound, cardiogram, angiograph, CT scan, MRI).
Treatment Methods
Lifestyle changes are often necessary to slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications. This may include:
- Healthy diet;
- Regular exercise;
- Smoking cessation;
- Weight management.
If necessary, medications are also prescribed to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications, as well as to manage blood pressure. In advanced cases, open surgery or endovascular procedures (angioplasty and stenting) may be required.
Recommendations
Atherosclerosis can be prevented through lifestyle modifications, such as:
- Controlling weight and body mass index;
- Avoiding alcohol and tobacco;
- Following a healthy diet;
- Engaging in regular physical exercise;
- Undergoing periodic preventive check-ups.
At “New Hospitals”, all modern and traditional methods for treating peripheral artery diseases are implemented. The preference is given to so-called "Bloodless Methods," which adhere to the principles of minimally invasive techniques and high effectiveness.
Early diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis play a crucial role in preventing heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular problems.
