Hemorrhoidal disease (piles)
Hemorrhoidal disease, also called hemorrhoids or piles, is the prolapse of nodes from the rectum. At this time, the cavernous corpuscles increase in size. The cause of hemorrhoidal disease is a dysregulation of blood circulation in the cavernous veins of the rectum, which leads to blood stasis. The disease is often asymptomatic, but if symptoms develop, they mainly include:
- Pain in the anal region;
- Bleeding during defecation;
- Anal discharge and oozing;
- Anal itching and irritation;
- Internal hemorrhoidal nodes protrude from the anal canal and have to be repositioned by hand.
When should I see a doctor?
It is important to diagnose the disease and start treatment at an early stage of the disease. Consult a doctor about the appearance of symptoms of hemorrhoids.
In case of timely diagnosis, the symptoms of hemorrhoids can disappear as a result of conservative treatment.
The risk of developing hemorrhoids is increased by:
- Overweight;
- As people age, the risk of hemorrhoids increases. That's because the tissues that support the veins in the rectum and anus can weaken and stretch;
- Pregnancy - during pregnancy can increase the pressure in the pelvic vessels, which leads to their expansion;
- Regularly lifting heavy items;
- Prolonged coughing or repeated vomiting;
- Sitting for long periods of time.
Types of hemorrhoidal disease (hemorrhoids)
Hemorrhoids can develop externally or internally. Internal hemorrhoids develop in the upper two-thirds of the anal canal, while external hemorrhoids develop in the lower third of the anal canal (near the anus). External hemorrhoids cause pain. Internal hemorrhoids are not painful.
To choose a treatment tactic, it is necessary to determine the grade of the disease:
- Grade I hemorrhoids bleed but do not prolapse.
- Grade II hemorrhoids prolapse outside the anal canal but reduce spontaneously.
- Grade III hemorrhoids protrude outside the anal canal and usually require manual reduction.
- Grade IV hemorrhoids are irreducible and constantly prolapsed.
Prevention and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease (hemorrhoids)
Treatment of hemorrhoids can be carried out by various methods - medication or surgery, depending on the degree and severity of the disease. First of all, simple lifestyle changes such as choosing a healthy diet and avoiding constipation are recommended.
Treatment tactics also depend on the location of the hemorrhoidal nodes. Surgical intervention results in a large or protruding hemorrhoidal node being reduced in size or excised. Surgical intervention is recommended when hemorrhoids develop in the lower part. There are various methods of surgical intervention.
The modern treatment for hemorrhoids is hemorrhoidal ligation and rectoanal repair.
Ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries and rectoanal repair (LGA-RAR)
The method is an innovative, painless and effective procedure for the treatment of hemorrhoids, which is characterized by less traumatic and fewer complications. As a result of the treatment performed by the above method, the patient has no post-operative wounds and pain.
Ligation of hemorrhoidal arteries (LHA)
This method is used to treat first and second-grade hemorrhoids and is also effective in eliminating the symptoms of hemorrhoidal disease. During the procedure, the arteries feeding the hemorrhoidal nodes are sutured under the control of a special ultra-sensitive disposable sound Doppler transducer and the location of the branches of the artery feeding the enlarged hemorrhoidal nodes is determined. The identified arteries are sutured through the instrument window. A total of up to six sutures may be placed. After suturing the branches of the hemorrhoidal artery, the fullness of the hemorrhoidal nodes decreases and completely disappears a short time after surgery.
Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids - hemorrhoidectomy
Surgical intervention - hemorrhoidectomy - is recommended when other treatment methods have failed or if the type of hemorrhoids cannot be treated non-surgically. Hemorrhoidectomy involves the excision of the hemorrhoidal nodes, and the operation is performed under general anesthesia.
