Microsurgery

What is microsurgery?

Microsurgery is a specialized field of surgery that involves performing surgical procedures on small anatomical structures of the body using high-magnification optical technologies. Special microsurgical instruments and magnifying optics are used for these operations, which are designed for high-precision manipulations that cannot be performed with conventional surgical instruments.

Microsurgery combines surgery and bioengineering and requires the highest level of technical skill and many years of specialized training from the surgeon. It is one of the most innovative and high-tech fields of medicine, allowing both the structure and function of tissues to be restored.

When is microsurgery used?

Microsurgery is used in cases where precise and minimally traumatic restoration or treatment of small but functionally important structures of the body is required. Microsurgery is widely used in both emergency and elective surgery and is often the only way to successfully treat complex or delicate cases.

What types of microsurgical procedures are performed at New Hospitals?

The highly qualified team of the microsurgery department at New Hospitals, in accordance with modern standards and using the latest technologies, offers patients:

• Reconstructive surgery for tendon and peripheral nerve injuries;
• Repeat surgical interventions after previous reconstructive surgery to improve function (e.g., in case of adhesions, release of tendons and nerves from adhesions, transposition, etc.).
• Surgical interventions for compression of the neurovascular bundle, including tumors, synovial cysts, and benign neoplasms (located in hard-to-reach anatomical areas);
• Correction of Dupuytren's contracture;
• Removal of keloid scars;
• Correction of wrist dysfunction.

How is a patient prepared for microsurgery?

Before microsurgical intervention, the patient is usually prescribed laboratory tests and undergoes a medical evaluation.  It may be necessary to take certain medications or adjust the dosage of prescribed medications, stop smoking, and stop taking anticoagulants or anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the risk of bleeding.

How is microsurgery performed?

Microsurgery is usually performed under regional anesthesia. The surgeon uses high-magnification optical technology (surgical microscopes or magnifying glasses) to visualize small structures in detail. The operations are performed using special instruments with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm, which ensure precise connection, transplantation, or reconstruction of tissues. Microsurgical procedures vary depending on the type and complexity of the operation.

What are the advantages of microsurgery?

High-magnification optical technologies provide magnification of the surgical field and precision of movement, allowing operations to be performed on microscopic structures. The advantages of microsurgery include cleaner and smaller incisions, less bleeding, minimal tissue damage, and better wound healing. These factors result in a less painful postoperative period, faster recovery, and more satisfactory results.

What are the potential risks and complications of microsurgery?

Like any other surgical procedure, microsurgery carries potential risks and complications, such as:

• Asymmetrical healing;
• Bleeding;
• Infection;
• Numbness;
• Pain, swelling, or infection;
• Scarring;
• Tissue loss (necrosis);
• The need for additional surgical procedures in the future.